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Ancient History

Within History

Native American person with face paint wears animal feathered headdress. Caption. But the history of American Indians in this land.

Color illustration of a hunter with long, dark hair aiming a spear at two deer by a lake. Caption. Hurled with a unique and powerful tool.

Still image from: Advanced Placement Human Geography: Making Sense of Planet Earth--Portraying the Earth

Man wearing a pharaoh costume resembling Alexander the Great, person bowing behind him. Caption. Alexander proclaimed pharaoh.

A C, G, I rendering of a large red wooden barge with no sails, 3 stories, and lots of oars.

Group of men wearing turbans and belted woolen tunics ride horses while using bows and arrows.

Wooden cart with 2 wheels in the back, 1 in the front center, and 1 extending out in front is on display in a museum. Behind it is a wooden bicycle prototype.

A C, G, I rendering of an ancient machine within a framed structure that includes a wheel operated by several vertical and horizontal cogs.

A C, G, I rendering of a metal battering ram on a support structure in front of a huge stone wall of a big fort. It's nighttime with clouds in the sky.

A C, G, I rendering of a stone wall partially submerged in water. On top is a large wooden structure with ropes, pulleys, and a hook hanging in the center, with a human operating the pulleys.

A C, G, I rendering of a wooden ship with 3 sails sailing out of a storm into the sun.

A C, G, I rendering of a large stone wall of the ancient city of Troy. The gate is open and a huge wooden horse on a wheels is being dragged inside with ropes.

Still image from: Ancient Greece

Still image from: Ancient History: America's Prehistoric Civilizations--The Mound Builders

Still image from: Ancient History: Ancient Britain--Stonehenge to Celtic Iron Age Hill Forts

Still image from: Ancient History: Ancient Pueblo People--The Anasazi

Still image from: Ancient History: Ancient Rome: Reexamined--Military Triumph and the Death of the Roman Republic

Still image from: Ancient History: Ancient Rome: Reexamined--The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire

Still image from: Ancient History: Ancient Rome: Reexamined--The Rise of the Roman Republic

Still image from: Ancient History: Greek Accomplishments

Still image from: Ancient History: The Greek City-State and Democracy

Still image from: Ancient History: The Incas

Still image from: Ancient History: The Maya

Still image from: Ancient History: The Splendor of Imperial Rome

A C, G, I rendering of 4 stone statues of ancient Egyptian pharaohs sitting in a row. They each have yellow and blue headdresses.

Still image from: Ancient Mesopotamia for Kids

Still image from: Ancient Rome

Ancient Egyptian gold pharaoh mask painted with bright colors is lit up against a black background. Caption. "Tutankhamen's mask--."

Looking up from the ground, a large, ancient, brown clay building with the ends of many wooden beams poking out. Caption. "This is the oldest known city in this part of Africa."

Ancient yellow-stone building on a hill above a body of water. Caption. "The city of Leptis Magna was a gateway for trade."

Inner courtyard of an ancient, round, 3-story building made of brown clay. There are many windows opening to the courtyard, and some clay pots are on the ground. Caption. "The Berber granary is built from local materials--."

Brightly colored ancient Egyptian wall painting of Queen Nefertiti interacting with the goddess Isis. Caption. "Here the goddess Isis offers Nefertiti the ankh."

3 brown pyramids, 1 large, 1 medium, and 1 small, with brown dirt surrounding them. Caption. "The pyramids remain an enigma."

Unavailable

Closeup of a busy walkway crowded with pedestrians during the day. Caption. "Merchants would have passed through here 2,000 years ago."

Overhead view of the thousands of red clay sculptures of soldiers in China known as The Terracotta Army. Caption. "This formidable army of Terracotta Warriors."

Aerial view of a segment of the Great Wall of China with brown foliage on either side. Caption. "Work began on the Great Wall of China around 220 B, C."

Unavailable

External view of the ancient Pantheon, a circular Roman temple with huge stone columns at its entrance and a domed roof. Caption. "It's the best preserved Roman temple in the world."

Closeup view detailing the tan columns and stones that make up the ancient Roman Parthenon. Caption. "The Parthenon was built around 430 B, C."

Aerial view of the ancient mud brick buildings and kivas of Mesa Verde under a sandstone cliff. Caption. "Mesa Verde rewrote the history of the west."

Ancient stone building with many stone staircases leading up to it and surrounded by jungle trees. Caption. "Palenque, the great city of the Mayans."

Side view of several free standing pillars of brown stone carved to look like warriors against a blue sky backdrop. Caption. "In 750 A, D, they built strange monuments."

Top-down view of an ancient tomb built of mud bricks in the ground. Inside are wooden beams, open coffins with bones, other skeletons, and various items. Caption. "The spiritual and military leader of the Moche."

Large archaeological site with huge walls of ancient brown clay buildings revealed. Caption. "Chan Chan was 1 of the world's biggest cities."

Side view of a row of huge statues with large heads against a backdrop of blue skies with white clouds. Caption. "The giant statues, or moai, on Easter Island."

Unavailable

Aerial view of brown plains with an ancient geoglyph etched into them. Caption. "So vast, in fact, you can only see it from the sky."

Archaeologist David Hurt Thomas, a man with short gray hair and a white goatee, talks in front of a large bookshelf and a globe. Caption. "A relative or a leader."

Wide shot of the Acropolis in Greece on a hilltop. Caption. It's time we took a look at the Acropolis.

Black and white illustration of an African tribe speaking with white men wearing tricorn hats in a row boat docked at shore. Caption. One of these travelers.

Animation of silhouetted ancient warriors charging forward on a battlefield against a vibrant red sky. Caption. The skill of their warriors is well-known to the Romans.

Animation of ancient buildings silhouetted against an amber sky. Caption. At the end of October, Alexander takes Babylon.

Animation of Viking warriors standing on a seashore with shields, clubs, and axes, looking at a docked Viking ship. Caption. Is the target of a raid by men from the north, the Vikings.

Closeup of a cave painting with amber colored antelope-like animals on pale orange stone. Spanish caption. Esas, esas pinturas tienen casi una luz interior.

Closeup of a cave painting with amber colored human shapes on cracked beige stone. Spanish caption. Entre los cinco más importantes del mundo.

Closeup of a cave painting with amber colored human shapes on a taupe-colored stone. Spanish caption. Y protección de este colosal, pero fragil patrimonio.

Digital illustration of a green plain with huts, trees and a walled town. A river curves next to the plain in the background. Caption. May have unearthed the truth behind the myth of Xia.

A physical map of Ancient China with 1 region in red. Text on the red region reads, "Shang Territory." Caption. The Shang Dynasty then continued to flourish.

Black and white closeup of a man with white, glowing eyes and a white beard and mustache.

Man with open eyes and gritted teeth wears a leather forehead band, an animal fur around his shoulders, and a leather tunic. He holds an instrument that shoots bolts of lightning while standing on a wooden boat. A snowy landscape is behind him.

Digital map of 450 A, D titled "Battle of Chalons" shows Europe, Asia, and the Middle East with labels for Western Roman Empire, Hunnic Empire, and Eastern Empire, respectively. A white horse gallops from east to west across the Hunnic Empire.

Cyberchase cartoon. Matt holds both palms out in front of him with an alert expression as Jackie, Inez, and Digit watch him. Caption. A second chance to get Pandora's box back.

Still image from: Dinosaur Facts

Gold Egyptian relief depicts a woman kneeling and reaching out a hand to touch a boy. Both are wearing ornate Egyptian clothing and headdresses. Caption. And they loved getting dressed up.

Digital architectural rendering. Aerial view of grassy fields surrounding an ancient Egyptian city by the water.

Shadow on a wall of an Egyptian tomb. Caption. The burials were plundered, goods removed.

Wide shot of an Egyptian temple rising out of the desert with trees and grasslands in the foreground. Caption. A powerful river civilization emerged.

A sketch of a dinosaur, and a man is seen standing below. Caption: Argentinosaurus, 35 meters approximately equals 114 feet. 70 metric tons approximately equals 154,000 pounds.

Still image from: Eons: How Ancient Art Captured Australian Megafauna

Still image from: Eons: How Plankton Created a Bizarre Giant of the Seas

A cat.

Still image from: Eons: The Dinosaur Who Was Buried at Sea

Still image from: Eons: The First and Last North American Primates

Still image from: Eons: The Oddest Couple in the Fossil Record

Still image from: Eons: The Rise and Fall of the Tallest Mammal to Walk the Earth

A giant deer roams a grassland.

A pair of Ichthyosaurs hunting prey in the sea.

A painting of a flooded forest, and insects are seen crawling on the tree surface.

Senior man wearing glasses faces camera, surrounded by models of human skulls and full skeleton in background. Title card below reads, "Milford Wolpoff, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor". Caption. A new species, a new line.

Still image from: Fate and Fabled: Aztec Mythology

Still image from: Fate and Fabled: Gaia

Still image from: Fate and Fabled: Isis and Osiris

Still image from: Fate and Fabled: Trickster Gods

Wide shot of 3 Egyptian pyramids at sundown. Caption. The oldest pyramid was more than 25 centuries old.

Person in a loin cloth chiseling a large block of light-colored stone. The block has hashmarks representing "5". Caption: All cut by hand with hammers and chisels.

Bronze statue depicts a bearded man wearing a crown, hat, and robes. Caption. Named Homer between 800 and 700 B.C.

Still image from: Greek Mythology

Black and white rendering of 6 serpents intertwined with one another. Caption. Life seems to be a succession of tradeoffs.

Still image from: Ice Age Mysteries: Prehistoric to Present

Man in a white turban stands behind a man opening a gated door of an ancient mud brick building. Another person in a brimmed hat stands back next to pile of mud bricks.

Color illustration of early humans wearing animal skins and carrying spears through a mountainous, snow-covered landscape.

Aerial view of a landscape marked by patches of vegetation, a meandering waterway, and plots of dry earth.

Group of teenagers walk through forested area past a sign post that reads,"Ice Age National Scenic Trail."

Closeup of Upper Midwest map with a blue stain covering southwest Wisconsin and a large fuchsia stain on Missouri. Title card reads, "The Driftless," with an arrow pointing toward blue stain.

Interior of a dim ice cave with icicles hanging from ceiling. Man in background exits through brightly lit opening in cave.

Man with glasses raises eyebrows and parts lips mid-speech. Toys and books are on bookshelves in background.

Still image from: Janissaries: Elite Infantry Unit

Painting of Merlin dressed in medieval clothing reaching his hands out to a woman holding a baby in her arms. Caption. Merlin told her it was for the boy's own safety.

2 kids wearing hard hats and standing in a cave, looking at their surroundings. Spanish caption. Más que todo me gusto porque yo nunca.

Outdoor labyrinth made from shrubs. Caption. Which affect us personally, spiritually, and environmentally.

Man dressed as Zeus speaking to a man seated behind a desk with a microphone. Caption. Dwight, this is my wife, Hera.

Freeze frame shows gears for a Mayan calendar. Caption. Was part of their religion.

Gray-bearded man parts his lips as he speaks as a subject expert in a room lined with bookshelves. Caption. That's what archaeologists do.

Blurry photo of 2 Minoan men running.

Still image from: Monstrum: Egyptian Mummies

Closeup of the face and shoulders of one of the Terracotta Warriors. Parts of other Terra Cotta Warriors and one of the horses are visible in the background.

Angled street view of the entrance of the Metropolitan Museum of Art at night. A lit-up water fountain is in front of the ornate Roman-style columns and archways, which are also lit up.

Closeup of light reflecting on water and a tangle of branches at bottom right of frame. Caption. Have just crossed the dominant geographical feature.

Still image from: Olympic History

Man wearing a pink plaid shirt looks down and touches a piece of yellow leather that another man in a light green hoodie is holding. Hundreds of colorful leather samples are on the wall behind them. Caption. Their leather making skill is world renowned.

Abstract drawing of a white and a yellow skulls with block teeth surrounded by Aztec designs. The yellow skull's mouth is open. Caption. The alliance destroyed the Aztec empire.

Computer graphic of a large, ancient palace and its courtyards. The palace is made of multiple cascading levels and is surrounded by courtyards and other similar, but smaller buildings. Caption. The palaces and temples of the royal family.

Archaeological dig of ancient stone buildings surrounded by historical city buildings and streets. A large dome is visible in the distance. Caption. Eventually led to the discovery of a large complex of buildings.

Brown computer graphic of a star made of 4 intersecting lines. Text on screen reads, "'an' or heaven." Caption. A star shape, to represent god or heaven.

Silhouette of a pyramid with the sun peeking out from behind it. Caption. Archaeologists are looking for patterns in the past.

Still image from: Overview: Who Made These Giant Desert Figures...and Why?

Low shot looking up along a white Greek column. Caption. From its columns to its foundations.

Person wearing a costume that resembles King Tutankhamen as a boy, seated on a throne. Caption. They control the boy and are the hidden rulers.

Wide shot of Mediterranean countryside. Words, "Diligent Regime, Hard Work", appear. Caption. Who also practiced crop rotation and used fertilizers.

Ruins of Greek columns with steps leading up to them. Caption. The one constant through it all in Plato's view.

Closeup on lava producing a plume of smoke and ash. Caption. For three days, the volcano's fury blanketed Pompeii.

Treetop view of forested area with rolling hills peeking through in background. Caption. Not the uniformity of summer's full foliage.

Clouds roll in over a hilly, forested landscape. Spanish caption. El Infierno Verde.

Still image from: Roman Legionary: 1st Century BC-3rd Century AD

Still image from: Roman Numerals

Black and white photo of person walking through a room with a slotted roof, sun shining through the slats. Caption. But what they came to see was.

Bronze relief of Roman people in robes looking in different directions. Caption. The idea that all people would be ruled by one set of laws.

Wooden sign with white figure aiming a spear-like arrow. Sign reads, "Russell Cave National Monument." Caption. Male as narrator. The monument's sign marks the entrance.

Fossilized dinosaur skeleton still partially encased in rock displayed next to a model of the same dinosaur. Caption: Out of those, only a few are really prepared well.

Irregular pinkish-brown shapes on a white background. Caption: you can actually really see that very fine cellular detail.

Title card on rusty light brown background reads, "Afro-Eurasia is a term used to describe the land masses of Africa and Eurasia together with the adjacent islands as 1 continent."

Map of the world. Africa is highlighted in orange, Asia is highlighted in purple and Europe is highlighted in green. Spanish caption. El concepto do Afro-Eurasia.

Black and white image of a man holding a rifle in 1 hand and an animal carcass on his lap. Caption. Before agriculture, people hunted or gathered their food.

Cows graze in a verdant field beneath a pink sky. Spanish caption. Y de los animales domesticados para su vida y su subsistencia.

Title card on rusty light brown background reads, "Civilization is a complex society with 5 characteristics. Advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology."

Portal side of a Gothic cathedral framed by leafy branches in the foreground. Spanish caption. Fue necesario establecer gobiernos.

Closeup of rows of painted hieroglyphics carved into stone. Caption. Egyptians had more than 2,000 characters of hieroglyphs.

Closeup of an ancient line drawing on parchment. Spanish caption. Hemos aprendido mucho acera de las civilizaciones antiguas.

Title card on rusty brown background reads, "Pharaoh is a title that refers to the rulers of ancient Egypt." Caption. What is a pharaoh?

Closeup of an ancient Egyptian relief sculpture. Spanish caption. El primer faraón de Egipto fue el rey Narmer.

Planets orbiting around the sun. Their elliptic are visible and there is a connection indicated between the two planets shown. Caption: Kepler explained those retrograde loops.

Lines of Mesopotamian letters with English language letters translated.The English language sounds of ra, ja, va and h appear under 4 Mesopotamian letters. Caption. At around 3100 B, C, E.

Color illustration. 4 men in white robes use wood beams to carry the Ark of the Covenant through an ancient town. Caption. Joshua makes the ark a righteous weapon.

Relief depicts an ancient Middle Eastern warrior on horseback holding up a bow and arrow directed out in front of him.

Colorful sculpture of the Aztec god, Quetzalcoatl, depicted as a feathered serpent with wide eyes and large teeth. Caption. Legend said he would return one day.

Woman wearing a sleeveless white top with black bow smiles as she looks forward and stands in front of an orange backdrop. Caption. Let's start with examining their origins.

Host Emily talks to Lance Grande at the Fossil Lake in Wyoming. Caption: One of the longest-lived lake systems we know of

Two people sitting side by side at a table working on something under a bright light. Caption: Then you scrape the matrix from the fossils.

Person holding a fossil of a spiral shaped animal. Caption: Hildoceras bifrons is an extinct species of ammonite

Illustration of a giant shark dwarfing the whales it swims with and is about to bite into one. Caption: megalodon was maybe 50 feet, or 15 meters, in length.

Sarcophagus covered in faded paint. Caption: a male from the 25th dynasty, about 2,700 years ago,

Person gesturing towards preserved remains of a dinosaur. Caption: This shape tells us that it's a meat-eating dinosaur.

Vintage labeled map of Europe. Army positioned between Portugal and France, stretching out along the border to Hungary, and up to the German Empire. Caption. He led his own army on a 3-year crusade.

Closeup on a page from the Dead Sea Scrolls written in Hebrew using black ink on papyrus. Caption. The scrolls yield intriguing clues.

Excavated preserved status of a person collapsed on the ground. Caption: And these are the last terrible moments of Pampeii--

Group of Chinese people viewing the terracotta army under a wooden pavilion. Caption. It would have to be a grave unlike any other.

Computer rendering of a Florentine church. Caption. The church of Santa Reparata was renovated and modified.

Color illustration of a Hun warrior tribe on horseback using whips and arrows to fight European soldiers with knives and spears on foot.

Color illustration of a battle scene. Some men are wielding weapons on horseback and others are using spears on foot.

Empty sand beach. Caption: When the Maori arrived to New Zealand in 900 AD it was one of the last places on earth to be settled by humans.

Illustration of Ancient Rome, showing tall white marble buildings with pillars and archways. Caption. Rome itself had become the greatest city in the world.

Wide shot of 3 Egyptian pyramids in the desert. Caption. The middle pyramid of the three great structures at Giza.

Wide shot of Piazza San Marco in Venice looking towards Saint Mark's Basilica and Campanile. Caption. But how did this fairy tale setting come into being.

Painting of a Spartan soldier wearing a gold and white horsehair plume and gold helmet, holds a sword and shield. To his right, men embrace, holding crowns of leaves. To his left, men are fighting in battle.

Digital illustration of ancient artifacts from the Shang dynasty including a stone dragon and oracle bone script with early Chinese calligraphy. Caption. Because the rulers were all from the same family.

Simple map with brown edges is labeled, "Dinastía Qin." Spanish caption. Qin Shi Huang se proclamó emperador.

Color illustration of ancient Egyptian people standing in a garden with water running through it. Text on image reads, "Irrigation system. Shaduf." Caption. Which let them grow more crops.

Color illustration of fish swimming in water next to a green platform with water running through it. Text on image reads, "Sistema de riego. Shaduf." Spanish caption. Narrador. Los egipcios necesitaron mucho ingenio.

Animation of a woman wearing a white sheer dress dancing on a stage for a man wearing a green tunic and gold headband seated behind a small wood desk. Caption. It seems that Paris, a Trojan prince.

Computer rendering of a few Greek statues and artifacts made to look like they have been placed on display on top of a grassy field. Spanish caption. Los griegos se hicieron esa misma pregunta.

Cartoon of Romulus and Remus standing next to each other in an ornate living area with framed art, bronze statues, and a globe. Caption. Romulus and Remus were descendants of Aeneas.

Digital illustration of a stone facade with Greek columns, archways, and a balcony. Full size painting of Julius Caesar fills the archway and balcony, as if he is speaking to a crowd. Spanish caption. En sus comienzos, Roma fue gobernada por reyes.

Computer model of the city of Caral. The Incan city is tiered with a stairway connecting from the amphitheater at the bottom to a grouping of walled structures at the top. Next to this, an animated alpaca and sign that reads, "Caral year 3,000 B, C."

Digital map of South America with Chile highlighted in a light color. Labeled countries along Chile's Eastern border from top to bottom include, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Spanish caption. Hasta el norte de Argentina y centro de Chile.

Digital illustration of an ancient Indian city with the snow-dusted mountains in the distance. In the foreground, people are wading in a body of water. Caption. Where each drop, just like each person.

Digital illustration of Hindu god Brahma wearing necklaces and a bindi on his forehead. Behind him, a body of water, steep green mountains, and tropical flowers. Spanish caption. La que me transmite los secretos del Brahma.

Digital illustration of dozens of colorful castle towers in Mecca. Caption. 1 that would become 1 of the richest.

Digital illustration of 2 Arabic paper dolls standing in a pop-up book in front of the Great Mosque of Mecca. Spanish caption. Mucha gente peregrinaba a la Meca.

Digital map of Mesopotamia located in West Asia within the Tigris and Euphrates river system. The region has mountains to the north and borders the Mediterranean Sea. Caption. And lots of fresh water coming from the mountains.

Digital illustration of an ancient city and the surrounding mountain landscape. A train of dark figures stretches from the top of a mountain pass to the town. Spanish caption. Estos bajaron de las montañas del norte de Mesopotamia.

Digital illustration of 3 people in robes seated on a terrace with Jerusalem's Temple of Solomon in the distant background. Caption. This great act is how the Jews were allowed to return.

Digital illustration of a group of Persian soldiers dressed in full armor and helmets guarding the castle walls. Spanish caption. Que pretendían tomar por asalto la ciudad.

Digital illustration of a man labeled Abraham wearing a white robe, a green tunic, and white head and neck scarf. He's standing on top of a mountain and gesturing to his left. Caption. The son of a sculptor from the city of Ur.

Digital illustration of a man with long white hair and a beard wearing a black yarmulke. He's writing at a desk in a bedroom setting with a menorah on the shelf behind him. Spanish caption. Este fue el pueblo hebreo.

Digital map of Central America. The map is within a decorative gold frame and appears between 2 other historical maps. In front of the frame is a digital image of a computer keyboard resting on a desk.

Digital illustration of an Aztec warrior wearing a suit and hood that resemble an eagle. He holds up a wooden spear and shield, looking out in front of him as he prepares to throw the spear.

Digital illustration of diverse people exchanging goods for money in a crowded square. Caption. That it formed a new base of power for the Roman Empire.

Color illustration of a faded battle scene with an arc of gold objects passing through it. Spanish caption. Estas tremendas guerras que comenzaron en el año 1096.

Digital illustrations on a sheet of parchment titled, The Franks. Page includes an illustrated map of the River Rhine, a soldier with a spear, and group of people wearing medieval attire. Caption. Came from near the Rhine River in today's Germany.

Digital illustration of an emperor seated on a throne holding a crown over his head, a religious figure bowing before him. Spanish caption. Lo coronó emperador del Imperio romano germánico.

Digital map of the world with a dotted line stretching from Greece, labeled Athens, to Southern Mexico, labeled Mayans. Caption. It would be 2,000 years before anyone.

Digital map of Central America, showing the borders of Mexico, Guatemala, Belice, and Honduras. Southern Mexico and the rest of the labeled countries are shaded in red. Spanish Caption. Y la península de Yucatán, en México.

Digital illustration of a magnifying glass hovering over a map of the Mediterranean showing a forest landscape with mountains, a river, and waterfall. Caption. Didn't have the same climate as the Romans.

Digital map of the U, K with labels for Jarrow, Lindisfarne, and Monkwearmouth in northeast England. A line connects from there to western Ireland to an X labeled Inishbofin. Spanish caption. Y el monasterio de Inishbofin en el territorio irlandés.

Low clouds rolling in from left over a steep, pointy, snow capped mountain range on a sunny day. Caption. The Amazon River flows from the steep Andes mountains.

4 women with colorful hijabs and 1 small child converse while riding in the open back of a truck. 3 men in dark jackets ride in front of them, and 1 looks back at the women. Caption. The capital city was called Hattusha.

Map of Central America with Mexico highlighted and 2 red markers in Southern Mexico.

Illustrated man reading large poster. Caption: The printing press meant books could be mass-produced.

Soldiers wearing 19th century British military dress uniforms. They are marching in twos with rifles down a grassy hill.

Young woman dressed in a costume that resembles Elizabeth the 1st knits by candlelight in a library room. Caption. Here we are, ready for the woman who terrified the world.

Painting of an ancient Mayan stone building with stacked rows of stone reliefs. Caption. They developed this amazing hieroglyphic writing.

Young girl walking out of a door. Caption: I'm taking it to the experts-- the post office.

Man writing with a quill in a candle lit room. Caption: Matter of fact, he studied and studied and studied.

A bear laying across train tracks with two people standing above it. Caption: Train robberies were a big problem in the Wild West.

Painting of a man wearing a long white tunic and white pants walking down a narrow, empty 17th century London street. Caption. Over 3,500 of its citizens lost their lives.

Rear view shot of 2 men dressed in medieval clothing tilting their heads to the left and looking at a partially built leaning tower of Pisa with scaffolding around it. Caption. You just gotta lean a little to the left.

A train in a subway station. Caption: the subway uses electricity to keep rolling.

Closeup of ancient artwork that depicts Sumerians holding battle axes and traveling on chariots and horseback. Caption. And shows Sumerian armies with weapons and captives.

Painting of a partially constructed biblical Tower of Babel, a cylindrical stone structure with several tiers that gradually taper in as they rise, high above the flat green landscape that stretches for miles.

Still image from: Tyrannosaurus Rex

C, G, I rendering of a tan pyramid being built using several modern cranes with a mountain range in the background.

Angled view of a large, brown wooden ship with many oars and several ropes hanging down from tall masts while sailing on open water.

Man crouches, looks down at an archaeological dig site. Caption: Narrator. Mark Lehner is professor of Egyptian archaeology.