As shown on the History Channel, "How the Earth Was Made: Earth's Deadliest Eruptions" explores the Siberian Traps, a vast flood basalt formation in Russia linked to the Permian mass extinction 250 million years ago. Using geologic evidence such as basalt layers, coal deposits, fossils, radiometric dating, biomarkers, and carbon signatures, the program explains how mantle plumes, volcanic eruptions, carbon dioxide, methane, ocean anoxia, and hydrogen sulfide transformed Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and climate. The documentary connects plate tectonics, igneous rock formation, extinction zones, and fossil records to show how scientists reconstruct ancient Earth systems. Rich in Earth science, geology, paleontology, climatology, and evolutionary history, the video supports curriculum topics on geologic change, mass extinction, climate processes, and scientific investigation. Part of the "How the Earth Was Made" series.