The video "How Computers Compute" from the "Science Out Loud" series introduces the fundamental concept of computing using switches. It explains how computers, whether mechanical or electronic, rely on switches arranged in specific patterns to perform mathematical and logical operations. The video delves into how simple circuits, like light switches, can be combined to create complex computational systems such as the Digi-Comp, a mechanical computer that showcases binary counting and arithmetic operations. The explanation extends to modern computer chips, which include billions of semiconductor switches called transistors, enabling faster and more efficient computing in contemporary devices. This educational content offers valuable insights into the workings of computers, making it relevant and informative for understanding technology's role in modern life.