128 Learning Center results found.
Advanced Television Closed Captioning Research Report
This 1998 report, prepared by the National Center for Accessible Data (NCAD) and the WGBH Research Department, discusses Advanced Television (ATV), a product which would allow the utilization of captioning features, such as flexibility of caption placement, color choices, and controlled reading rates. Fonts chosen for this study include: Helvetica, Times, and Monaco, with Helvetica being the clear choice of participants. Also includes reactions to the mix of an upper- and lowercase character format as opposed to all caps, and presents feedback on the two types of character spacing: mono and proportional. Photos of television clips that show various captioning styles are included, although difficult to read. Lots of participant feedback.
about research, captioning
ERIC Digests and Database Reports on Captioning Research Results (Nine Reports)
Included are nine ERIC reports: (1) "Closed-Captioned Prompt Rates: Their Influence on Reading Outcomes.," (2) "Closed Captioned TV: A Resource for ESL Literacy Education.," (3) "Closed Captioned Television for Adult LEP Literacy Learners.," (4) "ESL Literacy for a Linguistic Minority: The Deaf Experience.," (5) "Literacy Instruction Through Communicative and Visual Arts.," (6) "ESL Instruction for Learning Disabled Adults.," (7) "Using the Technology of Closed-Captioned Television to Teach Reading to Handicapped Students: Performance Reports," (8) "Using Captioned TV for Teaching Reading: FASTBACK 359," and (9) "The Effectiveness of Television Captioning on Comprehension and Preference."
about research, captioning
Research on Closed Captioning
At the PAC3 at JALT Conference (2001), Gordon Liversidge discusses research showing that the presence of captioning aids comprehension and/or acquisition. However, most studies do not consider the link between viewing and activities. The first section explains the regional and disciplinary fragmentation of closed captioning research. The second section introduces comprehensive studies each of which contain a number of experiments. The third section presents smaller experiments that examine specific questions.
about research, captioning
Captioning Key - Captioning Presentation Rate Research
This appendix is a research document which contains a conglomerate of studies related to both children and adults and how they view, read, and prefer captions. Initially, it seems to be common sense that verbatim captioning is the ideal, the mark of true equal access. However, it may be possible for spoken audio to be delivered so quickly that most people cannot read its verbatim captioning, which seems counter-productive to the goal of equal access.
From about captioning-key
Caption Features for Indicating Non-speech Information: Research Toward Standardization
Project funded in 1996 by the U.S. Department of Education Office of Special Education Programs and Gallaudet University. Studies the variations in captioning conventions for conveying non-speech information (NSI). NSI includes: identification of speaker, sound effects, music, manner of speaking, audience reaction, and indication of a title (book, film, newspaper, play, etc.). A total of 189 deaf and hard of hearing consumers in the study confirmed the importance of consistent presentation of this information. One implication that pertains to presentation rate is that while NSI is crucial in conveying information about plot, humor, mood, or meaning of a spoken passage, it does add more written language for the viewer to process. Pictures of the captioned clips used in the study are included.
about research, captioning
Deaf Consumers' Views About Captioning
A study conducted by Carol J. LaSasso and Cynthia M. King in July of 1994. Presented in question/answer format. States that "it is important that deaf people have early input into decisions made by television manufactures and caption providers to ensure that captions meet the needs of the primary group for which they were developed." Addresses the desire of persons who are deaf and hard of hearing to have the option of placing captions anywhere on the screen, as well as being able to choose from a variety of colors for the captions. Includes comments from deaf and hard of hearing participants.
about research, captioning
Word Frequency in Captioned Television
Written by Carl Jensema and Michele Rovins. This paper states, "There are more than 500,000 words in the English language, but a person who masters the use of 250 words . . . will recognize more than two-thirds of all words shown in television captions." For people with limited reading skills, this is a great advantage. The list was created by taking scripts from the various television programs utilized in the study and combining them. Such words include: "the," "before," "around," "please," "yeah," and many others. The table showing the complete list of words is located on the last page of the article.
about research, captioning
Audio Description: Research Into Awareness Levels
As part of the United Kingdom's (UK) Office of Communications (Ofcom) Access Service Review, this report details the results of Ofcom's advertising campaign to increase public awareness about audio description on British television. Prior to the campaign, fewer than 40% of UK adults (and fewer than 37% of visually impaired UK adults) were aware of audio description services, a severe departure from the level of familiarity with captions (known as subtitles in the UK) at 90% and sign language interpreting at 86%. Ofcom commissioned this study to measure the effectiveness of its campaign to educate the general public about audio description, as well as to: (1) establish awareness levels of audio description within the visually impaired community, (2) investigate usage of audio description services, as well as other tools used to access television, within the visually impaired community, and (3) understand media consumption among groups of visually impaired people, and identify any differences that might ex...
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about research, description
Captioning Key - Presentation Rate
A reoccurring question about captioning is whether captions should be verbatim or edited. Among the advocates for verbatim are organizations of deaf and hard of hearing persons who do not believe that their right for equal access to information and dialogue is served by any deletion or change of words. Supporters of edited captions include parents and teachers who call for the editing of captions on the grounds that the reading rates necessitated by verbatim captions can be so high that captions are almost impossible to follow.
From about captioning-key
Making Captioning Perfect
As you might guess, we get a lot of kidding about our name, "Caption Perfect." Admittedly, we've
never been perfect and don't really expect to be, but our goal is to make our captions the equivalent quality to that found in the publishing world. We want to continuously improve the quality of our work, and we want clients who expect the same. Of all our clients, the National Association of the Deaf's Described and Captioned Media Program (DCMP) has held us and its other vendors to the most exacting standard, and this demand has improved the quality of all of our work. We generally follow a series of steps to make our captions the best they can be, and below is a description of the process we use for the DCMP.
From Burwell Ware about accessibility-vendors, captioning, manuals-and-guidelines
Read Captions Across America
The National Education Association (NEA) annually sponsors an event called Read Across
America. Originally created as a one-day celebration of reading on March 2, Dr. Seuss's
birthday, the activity has grown into a nationwide initiative that promotes reading every day of
the year. The result has been a focus of the country's attention on how important it is to
motivate children to read, in addition to helping them master basic skills.
From Bill Stark about captioning, educators, parents, literacy, consumers
Description + Captioning = Access
In an address on March 15, 2011, the U.S. Department of Education (ED) Secretary Duncan stated: "In order to win the future, as President Obama has challenged us, we must enable every single American to reach their potential, and in my book, all means all. Every child, regardless of income, race, background, or disability can learn and must learn."
From Bill Stark about dcmp, captioning, description, educators
Viewer Reaction To Different Captioned Television Speeds
A study performed by the Institute for Disabilities Research and Training, Inc. (IDRT), June 1997. Reprinted with permission. This paper includes graphs and charts relating to an experiment studying different captioning speeds. The test subjects included deaf and hard of hearing people as well as hearing people.
about research, captioning
Time Spent Viewing Captions on Television Programs
This 1999 paper by Carl Jensema, Ramalinga Sarma Danturthi, and Robert Burch reports on the eye movements of 23 deaf subjects, ages 14 to 61, while they watched captioned television programs. It discloses that the viewers in the study spent about 84 percent (%) of their television viewing time looking at the program's captions, at the video picture 14% of the time, and off the video 2% of the time. ("Off video" was due to eye blinks and normal eye movement.) Concludes that much exposure to print was "bound to influence reading skills." (Note: The DCMP educational and training materials are selected in large part because of their pictorial component, and thus it is imperative that the presentation rate of captions not prohibit opportunity to learn from this component.)
about research, captioning
Youth and Captioned Media
Research shows that approximately 90 percent of all children who are deaf have hearing parents. Many of these children are at a true disadvantage when it comes to obtaining information, due to communication barriers. They must rely on additional resources to gain a knowledge base that most hearing children learn by listening.
From Jennifer DiLorenzo about educators
Caption Viewer Survey: Error Ranking of Real Time Captions in Live Television News
The WGBH National Center for Accessible Media (NCAM) reported in 2010 that it was conducting the Caption Accuracy Metrics Project (funded by the U.S. Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research) to explore using language-processing tools to develop a prototype automated caption accuracy assessment system for real-time captions in live TV news programming.
about research, captioning
Captioning Agency Telephone Survey Results: April 2004
A telephone survey was conducted by Cindy Camp of
Jacksonville State University in April 2004. Twenty
captioning agencies were randomly selected from
readily available information on several Web sites, and
agency representatives were asked to respond to
several questions. These questions included the pricing
for captioning of a 30-minute video, turn-around time,
additional fees or discounts, requirements for copyright
permissions, if customer proofing/changes to the
captioning were part of the pricing structure, and if the
agency could provide Internet captioning.
about research, accessibility-vendors
